They depends on fluid velocities, viscosities, conditions of the heating surfaces, size of the temperature differences and so on. All stainless steels contain a minimum of 10. 6 (8. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. i use inventor and have now got astoundingly accurate components to these k factors. 5 Orientation PENDENT PENDENT. 50 r/d=0. Show advanced filters Hide advanced filters. Along with it they also learn the concept of fracture toughness. Davis, Davis & Associates (Ed. The friction factor for rough pipes can be expressed in a form similar to that for smooth pipe as:D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). The Y-Factor is used, as far as I know, solely by PTC’s Pro-Engineer, now known as Creo Elements/Pro. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. It is used in applications with an operating range of -65° to +2,400°F (-54°C to. Land Width: 0. 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. [10, 11]. 1 very often which confuses me. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. Grade 2 Titanium. Lodgement Spring: Stainless Steel Pin: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel Cover Plate: Steel Installation Wrench: Ductile Iron Cover Plate Finishes: • Chrome plated • White painted •. 00015 . 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. The table at. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. Zinc Plated Steel. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout Europe, for the informatio n of the user: • Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with EN 10088-1:2005 • Mechanical properties are in accordanc e with EN 10088-2:2005, except for heThe thickness of sheet metal is also an important factor, and it can range from extremely thin to several centimeters. W. Base part number is shown. 16. Insert the inner radius, R i = 1 mm R_i =1 ext{ mm} R i = 1 mm. A common example of this is austenitic stainless steel/ferritic steel pipe butt joints used in energy-conversion plants. MC values range between 0. 6 – 0. (Learn proper lubrication techniques in our Level 1 course — now available free. Fluid Velocity: 3 m/s: Fluid Density: 1000 kg/m 3: Friction Factor: 0. 001 ft. In our case, we will use the table for ALUMINUM-INCH. This means that the bent stainless tube often shows ‘wrinkles’ on the inner surface of the bend. have also a data sheet from amada and the bend allowance is the same for each one , so that proves these figures correct. 00 Energy Electricity Country Canada kWh 10%0. 5) K 11. The tables below can be used to estimate friction loss or pressure drop for water flowing through ASME/ANSI B36. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. The Total Materia database contains many thousands of stainless steel materials across a large range of countries and standards. 67 @ 200ºF. , Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials: Austentic Stainless Steel, SRM 735 and 798, From 4 to 1200 K, NBS Special Publication 260-46, 1975. Stainless Steel: 304ss, 316ss, 410ss. It is mainly used for its excellent corrosion and temperature resistance and is especially valued for applications in the marine and chemical processing industries. (10-6 in/ (in oF)) Admiralty Brass. 5% Ni, and also known as 18-8 stainless steel. It resists galling and corrosion and reduces wear in heavy pressure applications. F f = frictional force (N, lb). Sheet metal thickness is denoted by gauge, sometimes spelled gage, which indicates a standard thickness before processing. K-Factor - used for engineering programs, such as Pro-E. The coefficient. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. Simple gauge tables have K-Factor, gauge values, gauge thicknesses, and available radii. K-Factor 1000 PPG (291 PPL) (2) K-Factor 100 PPG (26 PPL) (2) K-Factor 2500 PPG (660 PPL) (2) K-Factor 215PPG (57 PPL) (2) 2M Cable, 8 Blade CD4MCU Stainless Steel Rotor (2). The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form. 079 0. Its composition offers reliable protection against seizure and heat-freeze,. A – bend angle in deg. Stainless Steel 316 . Assume a. 40. 05. K-Factor. The higher price for stainless steel fasteners and stainless steel nuts comes from the process of making stainless. When using SN-Curves, there can be extenuating circumstances where the SN-Curve must be adjusted to reflect certain situations. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. 33 K factor 0. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. Nut-Factor (Nut-Factor) 0. To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. Standard Metric; S-256-X: 2-56. T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. The K-Factor is a property of the material being bent. Thermal Expansion of Steel. Stainless steel roof: • S30400 stainless steel • Measuring: 280 × 96m • Sheathed with 23,000m2 of 0. 18: Cadmium-Plated: 0. 1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0. 2 ext { m}^2 A= 1. Now to use this table for a sheet metal part, all you need to do is to right-click on Sheet-Metal feature in the design tree and edit the feature. Engineering Data SECTION PAGE DATE A Crane Co. These are 304 SS material. SOLIDWORKS defaults to calculating the flat pattern using the K-Factor. /25 mm Safe practices and proper installation are imperative to the performance of the Swagelok tube fitting, especially in critical applications. 1. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness. Related Documents Bimetallic Strips Heat and bending of bimetallic strips. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. Effect of low-temperature on mechanical behavior for an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. 2, θ / σ 0. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. This steel is known for its good corrosion resistance and formability, coupled with practical mechanical properties. Stainless Steel 296 x 10 -5 35 x 10–5 Copper 326 x 10 -5 44 x 10 -5 Aluminum 415 x 10 -5 47 x 10 -5 Iron 198 x 10 -518 x 10 Invar 40 x 10 -5-. Here we need to discuss: Non-Lubricated Bolts (a. R. For horsepower at the motor (HPm), use formula: HPm = HPC/E. 8 meter per square second) D = Diameter of. 4307, 1. The term “schedule” refers to the minimum wall thickness of the steel pipe. K-Factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. This table combines the bend allowance and bend deduction table so you can specify gauge values. The K-factor is simply the tangent of half the bend angle. The chemical compositions (in mass%) of these four types of stainless steels are shown in Table 1. h fThermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. 5% is ideal. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion results from the chromium,. 2% Offset Strength in 2 in. The growth increases linearly with increasing ΔK and above ΔK th. It has units of m 2 /s. where . R – inside bend radius in m. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us, there’s one important thing that you should know: Don’t worry about it. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. In this. 1 mm) and 24 mass% Cr-content stainless steel (24CrSS, t = 0. 2. 33 for each. Δ p minor_loss = ξ ρ f v 2 / 2 (1) . We at thyssenkrupp Materials (UK) supply 430 in a variety of forms off the shelf for next day delivery or, available as bespoke sizes on a call off basis. 20: Lubricated: 0. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. 15 K = 0. CTE 15. 02 0. 15 K = 0. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. 300 series stainless steel applications include: Food & beverage industry. To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm. For example, the percentage can be anything from 20% to 22% for 304 stainless steel but is often between 13% and 15% for H-series soft aluminium. 16. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. T = material thickness. 40 Thickness to 3 × thickness: 0. Titanium had a longer life at low stresses compared with stainless steel, and stainless steel had a longer life at higher stresses. k = 0. Stainless Steel 90 D: Gasket, Flange, Fastener as a System. 7 Expanded size of flattened steel plate: L = A + B – 0. 16. 1994, ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. A slenderness ratio greater than. K Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. 2, as per my machine design textbook (V. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o. Ultra-high strength-to-weight ratio. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. SI unit: W/m·K or W/m·°C; Imperial unit: Btu/ft·h·°F; Thermal Conductivity of Stainless Steel. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. 01 m) = 0. Step 1a: Choose Installation Type. AISI SAE 4130 alloy steel can be made into steel plate, steel sheet, round and flat steel bar, steel pipe and tube, etc. 304 stainless steel: 2–3°. 0015-0. Thermal conductivity 3 W. K Factor: 5. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. Its carbon content is ≤0. [1] It is a measure of the rate of heat transfer inside a material. Notes：. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. 80, [7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS , and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. However, continuous use at 425-860°C is not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. How to link the K-Factor and Sheet Metal Rule Style being used to the drawing. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. g. where: BA = bend allowance. °K-1. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. by：East King 2020-08-30. 072-in. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . The deduction is 1. Is it used in a variety of industries due to its combination of strength and corrosion resistance versus cost. 20: Lubricated: 0. Alloy 409 is a general purpose, chromium, titanium stabilized, ferritic stainless steel whose primary application is automotive exhaust systems. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. ξ = minor loss coefficient Δ p minor_loss = minor pressure loss (Pa (N/m 2 ), psf (lb/ft 2 ) ) . 93 1. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. K-Factor– A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. Determining the proper torque for a fastener is the biggest problem in fastener installation. Above all, it becomes essential to make sure that you’re shopping for it from an eligible fabricator. less steel types are designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute as standard compositions. We specialize in the highest quality commercial and residential stainless steel and aluminum fabrication and repair. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. 33 K factor 0. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers; F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers. 95) Other K-factors can be provided as optional withoutThe strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index), usually denoted , a constant often used in calculations relating to stress–strain behavior in work hardening. Importance of the K-factor in sheet metal design. tK = tC + 273. This means that the neutral axis cannot migrate past the midpoint of the material (i. Stainless steel grade 430 is a non-hardenable steel containing straight chromium, and belongs to the ferritic group of steels. Bend Radii And K Factors For 304 Stainless Steel. A black body is a material that is a perfect emitter of heat energy and has an emissivity value of 1. Zheng, C. The Hazen–Williams equation has the advantage that the coefficient C is not a function of the Reynolds number , but it has the disadvantage that it is only valid for water . The properties of 304 stainless steel including chemical properties, physical characteristics, thermal properties and mechanical properties, etc. During sheet metal part bending, the inside bending surface is compressed, whereas the outer surface is stretched. 5 m) to estimate the relative roughness k s /D H, the mean velocity (by continuity) and the Reynolds number. Connection Size. d = 0. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. 5 Bar), the working pressure limit established by Victaulic for Vic-Press for Schedule 10S systems. 04. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. Editor: J. Horizontal Sidewall. 69) in which yi and xi stand for the mole fractions of component i. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. The Y and K-Factors affect how the part stretches when transitioning from a flat pattern to a finished. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 000005 : Seamless commercial steel (new) 0. A typical value of the K factor varies between . Our food grade anti-seize lubricants are designed to prevent friction, seizing, and galling in stainless steel and other metal parts within food processing machinery. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400). Then under Bend Allowance section select this new custom. K-ZSTZ – – 155°F/68°C 175°F/79°C 286°F/141°C 155°F/68°C 286°F/141°C 2 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in Bar, multiply S. AISI 316 Stainless Steel (UNS S31600) AISI 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) is the second most commonly used austenitic stainless steel. Canvas belt, stitched, on steel. Add the potential energy (or elongation) from 10 short wires in series and you get a potential energy (or elongation) identical to that of the long wire. For the completely rough regime, the value of Β' is equal a constant. For example, chromium can be added for corrosion resistance, nickel can improve toughness and ductility, and. 062 in. 75–1°. 446. Hot food in stainless steel containers. 1 lists ferrous and nonferrous metalRelated Resources: materials Specific Heat Capacity of Metals Table Chart. This name refers to the average composition, 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Defining the Neutral Axis To understand the k-factor,. 28 r/d=0. Type 304 has good processability, weldability,. The. 446 × 0. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. . Seat: Copper UNS-C11000 and Stainless Steel UNS-S30400 Belleville Spring Sealing Assembly: Nickel Alloy, coated on both sides with PTFE Tape Compression Screw: Stainless Steel. The emissions factor when calculating the carbon footprint of steel per kg is: Iron metal (steel) 1kg = 1. ) by Elias A. Carbon steel in a broader sense sometimes. 5 in, wall thickness 0. 6,and 8. & Yu, W. View Product. 0. Cut a blank to a specific length (say 100mm) and measure it as accurately as possible. Style: Upright. K-Factors for Aluminum, Cold Rolled Steel and Stainless ALUMINUM Thickness Radius 0. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. H = Differential Head (m). 2 P a = 6732 P a = 0. 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material “passive” or corrosion resistant. 5% chromium, the oxide film is of insufficient durability. 2 4. k. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. 003 - 0. Document. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. Bulletin 065. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. The thermal conductivity of steel is measured at approximately 45 W/ (mK), which is extremely low compared to copper and aluminum that exhibit a thermal conductivity value of 398 W/ (mK) and 235 W/ (mK) respectively. For TMT steel bars, it is 7850 kg/m3. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. Hardcover. For a PVC pipe with absolute roughness k = 0. Stainless Alloy 17-7PH: 11. 2 in. and has many uses in pressure vessels, pumps and valves, pinions, shaft gears, ball studs, screws, general purpose profile steel, automotive parts, oil and gas industry, aerospace, and bike frame, etc. 3 depending on the raw material. MRR = . D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. 1. Calculate the effective length as: Leff = K × L. 0. AISI 304 Stainless Steel (UNS S30400, SS 304) AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most widely used stainless steel, containing 18-20% Cr and 8-10. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. 33 K factor 0. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. 33 K factor 0. The k-factor is just a multiplier that provides a precise estimate of the new position of the neutral axis. Click here for a Gauge to mm Conversion Chart . Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, advanced property. In construction, the R-value is the measurement of a material's capacity to resist heat flow from one side to the other. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. 64 x 19. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. R. Fill in the. The following are Typical C factors used in the Hazen. Neutral Axis Representation. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. 5-inch w. See More Items from this Family (3)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. MODEL F1 - Stainless Steel H - Bronze MOUNTING Pendent MAXIMUM WORKING 12 bar (175 psi) PRESSURE RECOMMENDED 2. (K-factor). The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round,. ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. Similarly, if it is. Connection Type. 20-0. 86-Rubber (60 A Belt). Useful Tables 1033 Table A–16 Approximate Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for Bending of a Round Bar or Tube with a Transverse Round Hole Source: R. PRELIMINARY Document Number: 002-19207 Rev. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. R = Inside Bend Radius; A = Bending Angle; T = Sheet Thickness; K = Value of K-Factor. VK338, VK339 - Microfast QR Stainless Steel Sprinklers (K5. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . Product code: ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. This formula considers the diverse geometries and properties of the parts to be formed. Examples of steel grades that fall into this category include 17Cr-7Ni-A1, 15Cr- 9Ni -A1, 17Cr-5Ni-Mo, and 15Cr-8Ni-Mo-A1. It contains tenacious metals, oils and graphite materials. Bend Allowance (BA) = (Π/180) × ( R + K×T) × A. by：East King 2020-08-30. Look up the steel's density. Hot rolled steel: 0. The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. I read on some site that the range is between 0. m -1. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . 16. 4 - 10 Rotary Meter (Star or Cog. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. 6 k-factor 1/2 inch npt sprinklers figure 3 poly-stainless series ty-b standard response upright (ty4151) and pendent (ty4251) 8. while stainless steel plates can. a. I have tried it today and it doesn't seem to give exactly the result I was expecting. General Properties. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. 06 0. Italian / italiano. 550 is well-suited for most maintenance needs. 2 m 2. Monel® is an alloy of nickel and copper that was first developed for commercial use in 1905. 10 -6 ·K -1 = 10 -6 /K. Generic K-factors Aluminum Steel Radius Soft materials Medium materials Hard materials Air bending: 0 to thickness: 0. ρ f = density of fluid (kg/m 3 , slugs /ft 3 ) .